This is an era of minimal-invasive surgery, which includes Laparoscopic Surgery and Robotic Surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is now being used for more than three decades but still has its own limitations in form of a long learning curve and limited range of movement, especially in children with small body cavities requiring reconstructive surgeries.
Since 2002, when robotic surgery was started, its application in children have expanded in performing wide range of pediatric urologist surgeries like pyeloplasty in pelvic-ureteric junction, obstruction ureteric reimplant in Vesicoureteric reflux, Heminephrectomy, Nephrectomy for renal tumours etc. It is also being used now in Thoracic and gastrointestinal surgeries.