In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) where eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. The resulting embryo(s) are then transferred to the uterus.
Who Needs IVF?
IVF is recommended for individuals or couples who have:
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
Male infertility (low sperm count, poor motility)
Ovulation disorders (like PCOS)
Endometriosis
Unexplained infertility
Age-related infertility
Failed IUI or other fertility treatments
Genetic disorders requiring embryo screening
Single parents or same-sex couples using donor sperm/eggs
Ovarian Stimulation
Fertility medications (gonadotropins) are given to stimulate multiple egg development.
Regular ultrasounds and blood tests monitor response.
Egg Retrieval (Oocyte Aspiration)
A minor surgical procedure under sedation.
Eggs are collected via a needle through the vaginal wall.
Sperm Collection
Fresh or frozen sperm is used (partner or donor).
The sample is prepared to select the best sperm.
Fertilization
Eggs and sperm are combined in a lab dish.
ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) may be used if sperm quality is poor.
Embryo Culture
Embryos are grown in the lab for 3–5 days.
They are monitored for cell division and quality.
Embryo Transfer
A healthy embryo is placed into the uterus using a thin catheter.
Usually painless and does not require anesthesia.
Luteal Phase Support
Progesterone supplements support the uterine lining to aid implantation.
Pregnancy Test
Blood test (beta hCG) about 10–14 days after embryo transfer.
Success Rates
Vary based on:
Age of the woman (higher success under 35)
Egg and sperm quality
Cause of infertility
Clinic experience
Average success per cycle: ~30–50% for women under 35
Risks and Side Effects
Medical:
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
Multiple pregnancy (twins/triplets)
Ectopic pregnancy
Miscarriage
Emotional:
Stress, anxiety, emotional ups and downs
Financial and relationship strain
Physical Side Effects:
Bloating, cramps, mood swings, mild discomfort
Advanced Options with IVF
Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)
PGT-A / PGT-M (genetic screening)
Egg or Sperm Donation
Surrogacy
Embryo Freezing for Future Use
Lifestyle Tips During IVF
Eat a healthy, balanced diet
Avoid smoking, alcohol, and caffeine
Manage stress with yoga, meditation, or counseling
Take prenatal vitamins (especially folic acid)
Follow your doctor’s advice closely
Emotional Support
Consider counseling or support groups
Talk openly with your partner or trusted friends
Mental health matters—don’t hesitate to ask for help
